Radially Interrupted Viscous Fingers in a Lifting Hele-Shaw Cell

Viscous fingers have been produced in the lifting Hele-Shaw cell, with concentric circular grooves etched onto the lower plate. The invading fluid (air) enters the defending newtonian fluid - olive oil as fingers proceeding radially inwards towards the centre. The fingers are interrupted at the circular groove, and reform as secondary fingers. The effect of the grooves is to speed up the fingering process considerably and the fingers now reach the centre much faster. We explain this by comparing the variation in velocity of the fingers in the normal HS cell and the grooved cells with time. In the normal HS cell the fingers move fastest on initial formation and slow down later. Since in case of the grooved plate, the fingers reform and receive a boost in their speed each time they encounter a groove, the fingers proceed to the centre faster. PACS nos. 47.20.Gv, 47.54.+r, 68.03.-gComment: 4 pg. 2 fi

Evaluation of Nutritional Status of Rural Bengalee Primary School Boys (6-9 Years) in Comparison to Indian Children

A cross sectional study was undertaken to determine nutritional status and growth pattern of 410 rural primary school boys (6-9 years of age) belong from lower socioeconomic status according Kuppuswamy's socioeconomic scale (2012) in West Midnapore District of West Bengal. The daily nutritional intake of the children was measured by weighing raw and cooked foods and also by 24 hrs recall method. The body mass indexes (BMI), body composition, protein/calory adequacy status, protein-energy ratio of the primary school boys were measured to assess the nutritional status. The food and nutrient intake of the subjects were compared with their respective Indian values (NNMB, 2002). The diet of rural school boys was found to be imbalanced with plenty intake of milk and lower in intake of cereals, pulses but higher in intake of vegetables than that of their Indian counterpart. It was observed that the diets are predominantly more deficient in calories than protein. Most of the boys had normal body weight and only a little number of boys was overweight or underweight and the protein energy ratio is lower than ICMR recommended value except the age group of 7 years and the maximum percentage (about 20%) of underweight boys is found in the age group of 9 years. It was further observed that there was a significant correlation between body composition and BMI (p<0.001)

N—H⋯N hydrogen bonding in 4,6-diphenyl-2-pyrimidinylamine isolated from the plant Justicia secunda (Acanthaceae)

The title compound, C₁₆H₁₃N₃, isolated from Justicia secunda (Acanthaceae), comprises two molecules (which differ slightly in conformation) in the asymmetric unit of space group P\overline 1. Intermolecular Namino-H...Npyrm interactions (Npyrm is a pyrimidine ring N atom) involve only one of the two donor amino H atoms and pyrimidine N atoms per molecule, forming dimeric units via R²₂(8) rings, with N...N distances of 3.058 (2) and 3.106 (3) Å, and N-H...N angles of 172.7 (18) and 175.8 (17)°. The dimers are linked by C-H...π(arene) contacts, with an H...centroid distance of 2.77 Å and a C-H...centroid angle of 141°

Introduction of d-Glutamate at a Critical Residue of Aβ42 Stabilizes a Prefibrillary Aggregate with Enhanced Toxicity.

The amyloid beta peptide 42 (Aβ42) is an aggregation-prone peptide that plays a pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease. We report that a subtle perturbation to the peptide through a single chirality change at glutamate 22 leads to a pronounced delay in the β-sheet adoption of the peptide. This was accompanied by an attenuated propensity of the peptide to form fibrils, which was correlated with changes at the level of the fibrillary architecture. Strikingly, the incorporation of d-glutamate was found to stabilize a soluble, ordered macromolecular assembly with enhanced cytotoxicity to PC12 cells, highlighting the importance of advanced prefibrillary Aβ aggregates in neurotoxicity

Model-based Personalized Synthetic MR Imaging

Synthetic Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging predicts images at new design parameter settings from a few observed MR scans. Model-based methods, that use both the physical and statistical properties underlying the MR signal and its acquisition, can predict images at any setting from as few as three scans, allowing it to be used in individualized patient- and anatomy-specific contexts. However, the estimation problem in model-based synthetic MR imaging is ill-posed and so regularization, in the form of correlated Gaussian Markov Random Fields, is imposed on the voxel-wise spin-lattice relaxation time, spin-spin relaxation time and the proton density underlying the MR image. We develop theoretically sound but computationally practical matrix-free estimation methods for synthetic MR imaging. Our evaluations demonstrate excellent ability of our methods to synthetize MR images in a clinical framework and also estimation and prediction accuracy and consistency. An added strength of our model-based approach, also developed and illustrated here, is the accurate estimation of standard errors of regional means in the synthesized images.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, 5 table

Prevalence and pattern of amblyopia among children attending at tertiary eye care centre in Eastern India

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of amblyopia of children attending at tertiary eye care centre in eastern India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2020 to May2021 among children (5-15 years age) at regional institute of ophthalmology, medical college, Kolkata, underwent visual acuity assessment, detailed ocular examinations and cycloplegic refractions.Results: A total of 500 children are taken in the study, out of which 264 (52.8%) were males. The age range was 5-15 years with 479 (95.8%) within the ages of 5 to 10 years. Amblyopia was detected in 57 (11.4%). Refractive amblyopia (58.4%) was the most common type of amblyopia out of which anisometropic amblyopia accounted for 74.6%. Unilateral amblyopia was observed in 80.5%. All the types of amblyopia were more common within the age group of 5-10 years.Conclusions: More common children are affected with amblyopia within the ages of 5 to 10 years with refractive amblyopia

A clinical study of minor physical anomalies in patients with schizophrenia

Background: Minor physical anomalies (MPA) are unusual morphological deviations that have no serious medical or cosmetic significance to an individual. But however minor they may be, various studies across the world have revealed their significance as a possible endophenotype of schizophrenia. This study is an attempt towards understanding the various sociodemographic and illness correlates as well as the prevalence of MPA in people with schizophrenia.Methods: 100 admitted patients who fulfilled the criteria for schizophrenia as laid down by international classification of diseases version 10 (ICD-10) and other inclusion and exclusion criteria over one year period with age between 16-60 years were included in the study. A standardized semi structured proforma for various sociodemographic and illness variables and Waldrop minor congenital anomaly scale (weighted version) were applied on the study subjects. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS and chi-square was applied to find out statistical association.Results: Minor physical anomalies were found to be present in only 15% of subjects and they have a statistically significant association with age (p=0.041) and occupation (p=0.002).Conclusions: The study of MPA in schizophrenia is a novel attempt to unearth any subtle associations between the genetic abnormality and its interactions with the various psychophysiological as well as other environmental factors which ultimately leads to the endophenotype and in some cases to the ultimate illness state. In our study the presence of MPA in 15% of the subjects with various degree of severity probably indicates heterogeneity of the schizophrenia illness and a complex interaction with various factors from genotype to phenotype.

A novel approach to meet the unmet need for family planning

Background: Post-partum intra-uterine contraceptive device is one of the important methods of spacing to meet up the unmet need of family planning. The low complication rate, ease and certainty of insertion and one-time adoption advantages made it an option of family planning by Government of India. In the background of recent trends in family planning, the study aims to establish the efficacy and draw-backs of PP-IUCD among the clients in a tertiary care hospital of West Bengal.Methods: Prospective observational study on 1680 women during January 2016 to December 2016, where the PP-IUCD was given to the patients after vaginal delivery or Cesarean section and were followed up to 3 months.Results: During the study 1.37% patients did not turnup in either follow-up. The most common complication encountered was missing thread (4.64% at 6th week follow-up and 6.67% at 3rd month follow-up). Expulsion rate was much lower (2.02% at 6th week and 2.5% at 3rd month). Heavy bleeding per-vagina was in 1.55% at 6th week and 2.08% at 3rd month. Pain abdomen was .83% at 6th week and 1.67% at 3rd month. Incidence of perforation and failure was both nil at either follow-up. Dysmenorrhea was complained 2.44% at 6th week and 3.33% at 3rd month. Overall satisfaction rate at 6th week (86.05%) was higher than non-satisfaction (13.95%). This was also true for 3rd month where satisfaction rate (77.85%) was higher than non-satisfaction rate (22.15%).Conclusions: PP-IUCD appears to be a safe, efficacious, acceptable and accessible method of contraception